Current Issue : October-December Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 4 Articles : 17 Articles
The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Alocasia indica Schott. Root stocks. The analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing assay & hotplate test in Swiss albino mice and for anti-inflammatory activity carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma models were used for assessment. Diclofenac sodium (20mg/kg body weight) & indomethacin (10mg/kg body weight) were used as standard drugs for analgesic & anti-inflammatory activities respectively. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The ethanolic extract at the dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight showed significant inhibition of pain in acetic acid-induced writhing & hot plate method in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract at the dose of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight significantly inhibited carragenan induced rat paw edema and formation of cotton pellet induced granuloma. The present study demonstrates the potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Alocasia indica Schott. rootstocks which have justified their use traditional medicine....
To evaluate the effects of methanolic extract of Azima tetracantha Lam. (MEAT) for the management of asthma. In the present study, MEAT at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg i.p. was evaluated for management of asthma using Histamine induced bronchospasm in guinea pig. The results obtained from present study reveals that treatment with 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg MEAT significant increase in pre convulsive time (PCT) which was induced by histamine. It can be concluded that MEAT may be used in asthma due to significant increase in pre convulsive time in guinea pigs....
The different solvent extracts of Raphanus Sativus L. leaves (Family: Brassicaceae) were tested for antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced diabetic rats and compared with standard. The results expressed that aqueous extracts had shown significant protection and maximum reduction in blood glucose was observed in alloxan induced diabetic rats (p<0.001). The results of this comprehensive study reveal that R. sativus L leaves showed statistically significant Antidiabetic activity in comparison to the standard glibenclamide....
Thyroid gland is the major endocrine gland of the body. The pituitary–thyroid system is responsible for regulating daily function of many biological systems by producing thyroid hormones, the principal ones being triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine. Thyroid hormones (T3, T4) are essential for normal development and growth. The most common problems of the thyroid gland consist of an overactive thyroid gland, referred to as hyperthyroidism, and an underactive thyroid gland, referred to as hypothyroidism. Antithyroid agents can be effectively used in hyperthyroidism. Most commonly used anti-thyroid agents include thioamides, iodides, radioactive iodine and adrenergic blockers. Thyroid gland diseases, their treatment and screening methods of antithyroid agents are discussed briefly in this review....
In the present study herbal products marketed in Yavatmal India were determined for the presence of microbial. Microbial contents in herbal products were examined as suggested in as per W.H.O. The total of ten herbal products of various brands were selected randomly and tested for microbial contamination. Of which 3 samples did not conform to the W.H.O guidelines. The formulations are used daily by the patients suffering from Diabetes. The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long– term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. Diabetes mellitus may present with characteristic symptoms such as thirst, polyuria, blurring of vision, and weight loss. In its most severe forms, ketoacidosis or a non–ketosis hyperosmolar state may develop and lead to stupor, coma and, in absence of effective treatment, death. People with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular, peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular disease.These herbal formulations are regularly used by Diabetes patients hence need to be concentrated for its quality. The specific medias were used to determining the presence of Escherichia coli (5 samples), Staphylococcus aureus (3 samples), and P. aeruginosa (4 samples). The data indicated suggest that there is requirement of in process improvement to provide better quality for consumer health in order to be competitive in international markets....
Herbal medicines are in great demand in the developed as well as developing countries for primary healthcare because of their wide biological activities, higher safety margins and lesser costs. Ajuga bracteosa is distributed in subtropical and temperate regions from Kashmir to Bhutan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China and Malaysia. Herb is used in the traditional medicine as antioxidant as well as in treatment of diabetes and a number of diseases including hypertension, fever, infection and stomach pain. Withasteroids present in Ajuga bracteosa exhibit a number of biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, antisecticidal and insect-antifeedant properties. Here, We designed research for in vitro pharmacological evaluation of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. herb extracts for antibacterial activity by zone inhibition method, while that of antioxidant activity by DDPH radical scavenging and H2O2 scavenging method. Aqueous extract had shown very good antioxidant activity when compared to ascorbic acid, while that of in dose of 10 mg/ml had shown significant antibacterial activity....
Ethanolic extract of Acacia sinuatapods(ASE) was administered orally in the dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using various invivo models like topical application of arachidonic acid in mice and carrageenan induced paw edema in rats using Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) which is inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) as reference drug. Effectiveness of ASE in arthritis was evaluated using complete Freunds Adjuvant (FA) model. Ulcerogenic side effect of ASE was assessed against standard drug Indomethacin (5 mg/kg).ASE significantly reduced development of ear edema and paw edema as compared to control group. In the FA induced arthritis model ASE suppressed the development of primary and secondary lesions in arthritic rats suggestive of its anti-arthritic and immunosuppressive activity. Unlike Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) which is highly ulcerogenic, ASE caused minimal gastric-ulcerative side effects. Results of the study confirmed the ethno medical use of Acacia sinuata in treatment of arthritis and inflammatory conditions with less ulcerogenic side effects as compared to NSAIDs. ASE acts probably by inhibiting the release, synthesis and / production of inflammatory mediators like polypeptides, kinins, prostaglandins etc....
Neuropathic pain is caused by a lesion or disease of somatosensory nervous system and treatment of neuropathic pain remains a challenge. The purpose of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Tolperisone, a centrally acting muscle relaxant in reducing neuropathic pain and also attempt to establish the mechanism of action of Tolperisone by comparing its effectiveness with standard drug Phenytoin. Neuropathic pain was induced in rats using Chronic Constriction Injury Model (CCIM). The Successful induction of neuropathic pain was evaluated by observing hyperalgesia and allodynia in rats exposed to various stimuli. Effectiveness of Tolperisone (10mg/kg) in treatment of Neuropathic pain was evaluated by comparing the results obtained with Standard drug Phenytoin (20mg/kg). The findings of the present study demonstrate that neuropathic pain induced using the Chronic Constriction Injury Model (CCIM) resulted in severe changes in behavioral responses producing mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and cold-allodynia. Also our results indicate that voltage-gated sodium channel probably contributes to development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in the CCI. This study shows that Tolperisone is a potent anti-hyperalgesic and anti-allodynic compound in rats and emphasizes the concept that blockade of Na+ channels may be beneficial for pain treatment in humans....
An experimental study was conducted on broiler chicks to evaluate the protective and curative role of ginseng (2.5 g / Kg feed) against experimental toxicity induced by thiuram (30 ppm in feed). The parameters studied were broiler performance, anti-oxidant defenses and histological alterations in liver and tibia. There was a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in the body weights and the concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and total proteins, and a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the activities of glutathione peroxidase and aspartate aminotransferase, besides tibial dyschondroplasia and degenerative changes in the hepatocytes. Supplementation of ginseng resulted in prevention and reversal of toxic effects produced by thiuram....
Traditionally many formulations are used by traditional practitioner for treatment of various diseases. Use of Flacourtia indica fruit and Alternanthera sessilis leaves in liver and stomach disorder is one of them. Present investigation was designed to investigate antiulcer potential of this combination in animal models of ulcer. Ulcer was induced in animal using Pylorus ligation and pylorus ligation with Aspirin treatment. Hydroalcoholic extracts of both plants were mixed in different proportion (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) and assessed for their antiulcer potential at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Antiulcer potential was confirmed on the basis of gastric juice volume, pH, free acidity, total acidity, and ulcer index. It was observed that all combination showed significant antiulcer at all selected doses. Combination with equal proportion was found to be most effective....
The study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of Silymarin and Terminalia chebula against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Twenty four male Wistar Kyoto rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each. All the groups were administered with acetaminophen @500mg/kg orally from day 1 to 3. Subsequently, groups 1, 2,3 and 4 were administered with distilled water, silymarin @25mg/kg, T.chebula @125mg/kg and silymarin @25mg/kg + T.chebula @ 125mg/kg, respectively orally from day 4-14. Total proten concentration and alanine transaminase (ALT) activity were determined and histopathology of liver was conducted. The study revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the concentration of total protein and significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of ALT on 4th day (after induction of toxicity) and there was a reversal of these parameters after treatment on day 14. Histologically, necrotic degeneration, fatty changes and vascular degeneration were noticed in liver in group 1 but the extent of severity was very low in treated groups....
A survey has been carried out in Kalkulam Taluk, Kanyakumari Dist. Tamilnadu to meet the people who live in rural areas away from the hospital for documenting their knowledge about usage of plants against Rheumatic problem (Leg and hand) and jaundice. The presentation brings out about 27 medicinal plant species used against Rheumatic problem and 21 plant species against jaundice....
Stroke is one of the leading causes of major disability and death worldwide. Ischemia and reperfusion are common determinants of stroke that produce cellular damage. Combinations of thrombolysis and a neuroprotecting agent or a combination of two neuroprotective agents have been proved to be effective in experimental stroke. Therefore in the current study, a polyherbal formulation being formed consisting three herbs, namely, Curcuma longa; a traditional Indian medicine, Panax ginseng and Camellia sinensis; a traditional Chinese medicine. Three doses of PHF were investigated for its neuroprotective effect i.e 1ml, 3ml and 10ml. Induction of ischemia was done by Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) and Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion with chronic hypoperfusion (Permanent BCCAO). Results suggested that PHF 3 and 10 ml effectively protected neuronal damage by elevating levels of antioxidants enzymes like SOD, CAT, GSH, etc. PHF also protected neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1 region which can be evidenced by histopathological examination. In conclusion, Polyherbal treatment reduced the formation of superoxide probably by inhibiting xanthine/xanthine oxidase. In addition to this it has superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. This would have resulted in the decreased inactivation of GPx and SOD functionality as well as decreased membrane destruction by lipid peroxidation....
Plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. Plants are used medicinally in different countries for the treatment of different diseases and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs. Current antimicrobial agents are insufficient to control some bacterial diseases and hence the present study aimed at identifying novel substances that are active against human pathogens. It also includes investigating the phyto chemical constituents, physico chemical studies, anti microbial and anti oxidant activities of Dracaena marginata. Petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water are used for extraction. Cup plate method is used for assaying antimicrobial activity using both bacterial and fungal strains and phosphomolybdenum method is followed for assessing total antioxidant capacity. The extracts have shown considerable bacterial activity but not have shown antifungal activity. It has good antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid....
Since from ancient times, the botanical extracts has been utilized in the area of drugs and cosmetics. Recently the botanical extracts are utilized widely in the cosmetics due to several potential proven activities. The several extraction processes like pressing, percolation and maceration are utilized for the preparation of botanical extracts and these processes control the several vital characteristics of botanical extracts like better stability, preservation along with manufacturing reproducibility. The botanical extracts are utilized by incorporating them directly into several dosage forms like solution, emulsions etc. These extracts have potential activity like antioxidants for example vegetable oils, carotenoids, ascorbic acid etc along with vital use in fat storage and slimming....
The numbers of cases of autism diagnosed are increasing every year. Approximately one in every 166 children is affected some aspect of the autism spectrum disorders. Various diagnostic methods are being developed along with treatments and therapies. Extensive research is going on worldwide to find underlying causes; the genetic cause is thought to be principle among them. This article intends to review the development occurred in this field in recent years....
In this present study 10 angiosperm species belongs to 10 families collected from Tamilnadu, India. This study reveals that medicinal plants still play a vital role in primary healthcare of this folk community. The traditional medicines also have the potential to form the basis of pharmaceuticals drugs for the treatment of a range of diseases. Thus the loss of their potentially valuable genetic resource ultimately affects the whole society. There is an urgent need to document the knowledge or otherwise it is lost forever....
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